Format values as times

Format input values to time values using one of 25 preset time styles. Input can be in the form of POSIXt (i.e., datetimes), character (must be in the ISO 8601 forms of HH:MM:SS or YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS), or Date (which always results in the formatting of 00:00:00).

Usage

fmt_time(
  data,
  columns,
  rows = everything(),
  time_style = "iso",
  pattern = "{x}",
  locale = NULL
)

Arguments

data

A table object that is created using the gt() function.

columns

The columns to format. Can either be a series of column names provided in c(), a vector of column indices, or a helper function focused on selections. The select helper functions are: starts_with(), ends_with(), contains(), matches(), one_of(), num_range(), and everything().

rows

Optional rows to format. Providing everything() (the default) results in all rows in columns being formatted. Alternatively, we can supply a vector of row captions within c(), a vector of row indices, or a helper function focused on selections. The select helper functions are: starts_with(), ends_with(), contains(), matches(), one_of(), num_range(), and everything(). We can also use expressions to filter down to the rows we need (e.g., [colname_1] > 100 & [colname_2] < 50).

time_style

The time style to use. By default this is "iso" which corresponds to how times are formatted within ISO 8601 datetime values. The other time styles can be viewed using info_time_style().

pattern

A formatting pattern that allows for decoration of the formatted value. The value itself is represented by {x} and all other characters are taken to be string literals.

locale

An optional locale ID that can be used for formatting the value according the locale's rules. Examples include "en" for English (United States) and "fr" for French (France). The use of a valid locale ID will override any values provided in sep_mark and dec_mark. We can use the info_locales() function as a useful reference for all of the locales that are supported. Any locale value provided here will override any global locale setting performed in gt()'s own locale argument.

Value

An object of class gt_tbl.

Targeting the values to be formatted

Targeting of values is done through columns and additionally by rows (if nothing is provided for rows then entire columns are selected). Conditional formatting is possible by providing a conditional expression to the rows argument. See the Arguments section for more information on this.

Formatting with the time_style argument

We need to supply a preset time style to the time_style argument. There are many time styles and all of them can handle localization to any supported locale. Many of the time styles are termed flexible time formats and this means that their output will adapt to any locale provided. That feature makes the flexible time formats a better option for locales other than "en" (the default locale).

The following table provides a listing of all time styles and their output values (corresponding to an input time of 14:35:00). It is noted which of these represent 12- or 24-hour time.

	Time Style	Output	Notes
1	"iso"	"14:35:00"	ISO 8601, 24h
2	"iso-short"	"14:35"	ISO 8601, 24h
3	"h_m_s_p"	"2:35:00 PM"	12h
4	"h_m_p"	"2:35 PM"	12h
5	"h_p"	"2 PM"	12h
6	"Hms"	"14:35:00"	flexible, 24h
7	"Hm"	"14:35"	flexible, 24h
8	"H"	"14"	flexible, 24h
9	"EHm"	"Thu 14:35"	flexible, 24h
10	"EHms"	"Thu 14:35:00"	flexible, 24h
11	"Hmsv"	"14:35:00 GMT+00:00"	flexible, 24h
12	"Hmv"	"14:35 GMT+00:00"	flexible, 24h
13	"hms"	"2:35:00 PM"	flexible, 12h
14	"hm"	"2:35 PM"	flexible, 12h
15	"h"	"2 PM"	flexible, 12h
16	"Ehm"	"Thu 2:35 PM"	flexible, 12h
17	"Ehms"	"Thu 2:35:00 PM"	flexible, 12h
18	"EBhms"	"Thu 2:35:00 in the afternoon"	flexible, 12h
19	"Bhms"	"2:35:00 in the afternoon"	flexible, 12h
20	"EBhm"	"Thu 2:35 in the afternoon"	flexible, 12h
21	"Bhm"	"2:35 in the afternoon"	flexible, 12h
22	"Bh"	"2 in the afternoon"	flexible, 12h
23	"hmsv"	"2:35:00 PM GMT+00:00"	flexible, 12h
24	"hmv"	"2:35 PM GMT+00:00"	flexible, 12h
25	"ms"	"35:00"	flexible

We can use the info_time_style() within the console to view a similar table of time styles with example output.

Examples

Use exibble to create a gt table. Keep only the date and time columns. Format the time column to have times formatted as hms_p (time style 3).

exibble %>%
  dplyr::select(date, time) %>%
  gt() %>%
  fmt_time(
    columns = time,
    time_style = "h_m_s_p"
  )

Use exibble to create a gt table. Keep only the date and time columns. Format the time column to have mixed time formats (times after 16:00 will be different than the others because of the expressions used in the rows argument).

exibble %>%
  dplyr::select(date, time) %>%
  gt() %>%
  fmt_time(
    columns = time,
    rows = time > "16:00",
    time_style = "h_m_s_p"
  ) %>%
  fmt_time(
    columns = time,
    rows = time <= "16:00",
    time_style = "h_m_p"
  )

Use exibble to create another gt table, this time only with the time column. Format the time column to use the "EBhms" time style (which is one of the 'flexible' styles). Also, set the locale to "sv" to get the dates in Swedish.

exibble %>%
  dplyr::select(time) %>%
  gt() %>%
  fmt_time(
    columns = time,
    time_style = "EBhms",
    locale = "sv"
  )

Function ID

3-12

See also

Other data formatting functions: data_color(), fmt_bytes(), fmt_currency(), fmt_datetime(), fmt_date(), fmt_duration(), fmt_engineering(), fmt_fraction(), fmt_integer(), fmt_markdown(), fmt_number(), fmt_partsper(), fmt_passthrough(), fmt_percent(), fmt_roman(), fmt_scientific(), fmt(), sub_large_vals(), sub_missing(), sub_small_vals(), sub_values(), sub_zero(), text_transform()